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Our Supporting partners are active champions who provide encouragement and assistance to the arthritis community. Elbow Anatomy The elbow is where the two bones of the forearm — the radius on the thumb side of the arm and the ulna on the pinky finger side — meet the bone of the upper arm -- the humerus.
However, there are two lesser-known, but equally important joints that make up the elbow: humeroradial joint — the joint formed where the radius and humerus meet. The joint not only allows you to bend and straighten your arms, it also is involved in supination and pronation, the motion of turning the hand over so the palm faces up or down. While the joint is not involved in bending the arm, it allows you to rotate the lower arm.
Other major structures of the elbow include:. The two main ligaments connecting the humerus and ulna are: ulnar-collateral ligament , also called the medial collateral ligament, which runs along the inside of the elbow lateral collateral ligament , also called the radial collateral ligament, which runs along the outside of the elbow.
The two main muscles responsible for bending and straightening the arm at the elbow are: triceps , located at the back of the arm biceps , located at the front of the arm The main muscles of the elbow involved in wrist and finger movement are: flexors , which attach to the inside of the elbow and enable you to bend your wrists and fingers extensors , which attach to the outside of the elbow and enable you to extend or straighten your wrists and fingers. Several tendons connect the muscles and bones of the elbow.
The primary tendons are: biceps tendon , which attaches the biceps on the front of the arm to the radius, enabling you to forcefully bend your bend your elbow triceps tendon , which attaches the triceps to the ulna, enabling you to forcefully straighten your elbow.
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These are the humerus bone of the upper arm and the forearm bones, known as the radius and ulna. The link between the humerus and the two forearm bones is the main elbow joint, which bends and straightens the arm.
The link between the radius and ulna allows the forearm to twist, turning your palm up or down. Many important muscles cross the elbow joint, providing the movement and strength. The main bending muscle is the biceps and the straightening muscle is the triceps. The biceps tendon is prone to rupture, but this is unusual with the triceps.
The forearm muscles are those which lift the wrist and hand up known as extensors or bend it down known as flexors. Chronic pain of the extensors at the elbow is known as 'tennis elbow' and chronic pain of the flexors is called 'golfers elbow'. The elbow is stabilised by some very important ligaments collaterals , which can be damaged from a fall or repetitive sports, such as Baseball pitching.
The outside lateral bump just above the elbow is called the lateral epicondyle. Most of the muscles that straighten the fingers and wrist come together and attach to the medial epicondyle, or the bump on the inside of your arm just above the elbow.
These two tendons are important to understand because they are common locations of tendonitis. All of the nerves that travel down the arm pass across the elbow. Three main nerves begin together at the shoulder the radial nerve, the ulnar nerve and the medial nerve. These nerves are responsible for signaling your muscles to work and to also relay sensations such as touch, pain and temperature.
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