To increase intake of iron, foods like eggs, groundnuts and green leafy vegetables should be consumed. Without iron, our bodies would not be able to form hemoglobin and an organism would fail to survive. Cobalt Co is a transition metal with an atomic weight of Cobalt, however, is not as abundant as iron and only makes up of about 0.
This makes cobalt a little more rare and valuable than the other members of the triad because it is still used heavily in international industry. It is for this reason that this hard gray element is mined for and traded around the world. Like iron, this element is commonly combined with other metals to create alloys. Superalloys that contain cobalt are used for parts of gas turbine engines that benefit both commercial and military devices. In current times, however, the rise of rechargeable batteries has made demand for the element rise to new heights since it is commonly used for electrodes in this relatively new technology.
While these are its most popular applications, cobalt is also utilized in the production of petroleum, dyes, magnets, and electronics due to its ferromagnetic properties.
Cobalt and its alloys have recently made strides in the biomedical sphere by playing a large role in neurological, dental, orthopedic, and cardiovascular implant devices. Avoid all foods that are routinely high in nickel content such as cocoa, chocolate, soya beans, oatmeal, nuts, almonds and fresh and dried legumes. Animal tissues generally contain less nickel in comparison to plant tissues. Meat, poultry and eggs are suitable for low nickel diet. Is there nickel in tap water? Nickel is also present in tap water, especially hot water, which can leach nickel from faucet fixtures into the water sitting overnight in the fixtures.
What foods do not contain nickel? These include bran, oats, buckwheat, soy, legumes in particular dried legumes, such as dried peas and beans , chocolate, cocoa, all kinds of nuts including peanuts , and licorice.
How can you tell if jewelry is nickel free? A nickel spot test can be purchased online. Simply put a drop of the test solution on a cotton swab and rub the metal.
If the swab turns pink, nickel is being released. In someone with the allergy, the immune system will react to the presence of more than 5 parts per million ppm of nickel. How can you tell if metal is iron? Take your piece of metal and test its magnetization by sticking a magnet to it. If your metal sticks to the magnet, the metal could be cast iron or steel. If the metal does not stick to the magnet, your metal could be copper, brass, solver or aluminum.
What is the past tense of the word shake? Does Whole Foods sell neem leaves? It is used in springs, high-speed tools, surgical instruments, gears and crankshafts, and armor plating. Traces of vanadium are also present in Damascus steel, which was prized for its hardness and ability to keep a sharp edge. When alloyed with aluminum and titanium, it is used in jet engines and airframes. Vanadium is a component in some enzymes.
In some species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the iron-sulfur protein nitrogenase that is responsible for the "fixing" of nitrogen its reduction from N 2 to NH 3 , incorporates a vanadium ion, instead of the more typical molybdenum ion. Niobium is a shiny gray, soft, ductile metal. It is named after the Greek mythological character Niobe, daughter of Tantalus, because of the similarity of niobium to tantalum see below.
It is found in the Earth's crust at a concentration of 20 ppm, making it the 33rd most abundant element. Tantalum is frequently found in trace amounts in niobium ores. Niobium is used in some alloys of stainless steel, in arc welding rods, in metal alloys used in aircraft construction, in surgical implants, in jewelry, and in some types of glass.
It is named after a character in Greek mythology, Tantalus father of Niobe. Tantalus killed his son, Pelops, and served him to the gods at a feast; the gods were not amused, and punished Tantalus in Hades by being made to stand in a pool of water surrounded by trees laden with fruit, but whenever he stooped to drink the water, it receded from him, and whenever he reached out for the fruit, the branches withdrew out of reach, leaving him forever thirsty and hungry.
This is also the derivation of the word "tantalize. It is found in the Earth's crust at a concentration of 2 ppm, making it the 51st most abundant element. Tantalum is used in some medical implants, such as pins in bone fractures, and in plating to replace damaged skull bone.
It is also used in surgical and dental tools, in electronic capacitors, and in some turbine blades and rocket nozzles. Tantalum carbide, TaC, is an extremely hard material, and is used in some cutting tools. Dubnium is a synthetic element, produced by the bombardment of californium with nitrogen, or berkelium with oxygen The longest-lived isotope, dubnium, has a half-life of 34 seconds.
The status of the earliest claims for the production of this element was also disputed see section on Rutherfordium , and for a time was known as both neilsbohrium Ns , the name proposed by the Russian group at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, and as hahnium Ha , proposed by the team at the University of California, Berkeley.
Since their d orbitals are one electron away from being half-filled i. Chromium is a hard, steel-gray metal which can be polished to a high shine. Like many of the other transition metals, it forms a thin oxide coating chromic oxide, or chromium III oxide, Cr 2 O 3 which protects the metal below from further oxidation.
The name is derived from the Greek word for color, chroma , because of the wide variety of colorful salts it produces. It is found in the Earth's crust at a concentration of ppm, making it the 21st most abundant element.
It is also used to electroplate metallic objects to give them a shiny, corrosion-resistant coating; this chrome plating is widely used in automobiles. Chromium III oxide, or chromic oxide, Cr 2 O 3 , is the ninth most abundant compound in the Earth's crust ppm by weight.
Chromite ore can withstand high temperatures, and is used to make some refractory bricks firebricks , which are used to line furnaces and kilns. Chromium compounds are also present in a number of dyes and paints, such as lead II chromate, PbCrO 4 , also known as chrome yellow, and chromium III oxide, Cr 2 O 3 , also known as chrome green or chromic oxide green. Chromium salts are also used in some types of colored glass.
Chromium salts are also responsible for the color of some gemstones. Rubies consist primarily of corundum aluminum oxide, Al 2 O 3 ; trace amounts of chromium give the stones a red color. The red light that is produced in ruby lasers is a result of excitation of the chromium atoms. Chromium also gives green and red colors to the gemstone alexandrite, a variety of the mineral chrysoberyl BeAl 2 O 4. Chromium assists in the metabolism of glucose, but its exact function is not well understood.
Chromium deficiency results in mild diabetes and reduced cholesterol levels; this condition is rare in developed countries. There are a wide variety of foods which are plentiful in chromium, such as brewer's yeast, wine, corn oil, whole grains, egg yolks, calf's liver, peanuts, black pepper, and oysters; small amounts are also present in potatoes, beans, carrots, and apples. Chromium sulfate, Cr 2 SO 4 3 , is used in the tanning of leather. Chromium salts also serve as the basis of the "breathalyzer test" for the presence of alcohol.
If this color change occurs in the test solution, this indicates the presence of alcohol in the breath. It is named for the Greek word molybdos , meaning "lead," because of its similarity to lead. It is found in the Earth's crust at a concentration of 1. It is found in the ores molybdenite [molybdenum sulfide, MoS 2 ], which is very similar to graphite in fact, both molybdenite and graphite have been used to make pencil "lead" , and wulfenite [lead molybdate, PbMoO 4 ].
Molybdenum is frequently used in alloys with other metals, such as high-temperature steels, and is used to manufacture engine parts, oil pipelines, aircraft parts, and armor plating.
Molybdenum atoms are present in the iron-sulfur protein nitrogenase, which is found in the rhizobia bacteria that are associated with the root nodules of leguminous plants such as beans, alfalfa, clover, etc. Mammals also use molybdenum-containing enzymes to convert nitrogenous wastes into uric acid. Very pure tungsten can be cut relatively easily, but it becomes much harder and more brittle when it is mixed with impurities.
Like many of the other transition metals, it is very resistant to corrosion. The name comes from the Swedish phrase tung sten , meaning "heavy stone.
It is found in the Earth's crust at a concentration of 1 ppm, making it the 58th most abundant element. Tungsten's high melting point and low vapor pressure allows it to be used as the filament in incandescent light bulbs. Tungsten's high density Tungsten carbide, WC, is one of the hardest substances known, and is used to make cutting tools, dental drills, rock drills for use in mining, and abrasives.
Because of the existence of these elements were "nuclear secrets" during the Cold War they were discovered in the debris of nuclear tests , the existence of these elements was not publicly known until some time later. Manganese is a hard, gray-white metal, which is very brittle, and fairly reactive. It is named for the Latin word for "magnet," magnes , since it can be made to be ferromagnetic with the right treatment.
It is found in the Earth's crust at a concentration of ppm, making it the 12th most abundant element. In addition, manganese-rich nodules are scattered across much of the ocean floor, but there is no practical way of obtaining them. Manganese is used in alloys with steel to improve strength and resistance to wear.
Manganese steels are extremely strong, and are used in railroad tracks, earth-moving machinery, and other applications. Potassium permanganate, KMnO 4 , is a deeply purple crystalline substance when pure, and forms purple solutions when dissolved in water; it is a strong oxidizing agent, and is used in bleaches, disinfectants, deodorizers, and as a reagent for some reactions in organic chemistry.
Traces of manganese give amethysts, which are composed primarily of silicon dioxide, their characteristic purple color. Manganese is also an essential trace nutrient, and is involved in the action of vitamin B1 thiamine in the metabolism of carbohydrates. Nuts and cereals have fairly high levels of manganese.
Technetium is a radioactive element; the pure metal is silvery-gray in appearance, although it usually used as a grey powder. It is named for the Greek word technetos , meaning "artificial," because it was the first element to be produced artificially.
Trace amounts of technetium are found in uranium ores, where it is produced by spontaneous fission of uranium, but the element is not present in large enough quantities to be practically mined the concentration is estimated at about 1 nanogram per kilogram of ore. It is also obtained from spent uranium fuel rods in nuclear reactors. Technetium is produced by the neutron bombardment of molybdenum to produce molybdenum, which then undergoes beta-decay with a half-life of 67 hours to produce technetiumm, a metastable, excited nuclear state with a half-life of 6 hours, which emits gamma rays to form ground-state technetium Technetium is also radioactive, and is a beta-particle emitter with a half-life of , years.
There are about 56 isotopes of technetium including metastable states , and all of them are radioactive. The longest-lived isotope, technetium, has a half-life of 4. That may seem like a long time, but compared to the age of the Earth — 4. In , traces of technetium were discovered in the spectra of some types of red giant stars; this was one of the first pieces of evidence to support the theory that heavy elements were produced in stars. Many early reports of its discovery turned out to be mistaken, being instead impure samples of other, known elements.
The element was finally discovered in by Emilio Segre and Carlo Perrier at the University of Palermo in Italy, in a sample of molybdenum that had been bombarded with deuterium hydrogen-2 , producing technetium The element may have been discovered earlier by Walter Noddack, Otto Berg, and Ida Tacke in , who bombarded a sample of columbite [ Fe, Mn Nb, Ta 2 O 6 ] with a beam of electrons, and reported an X-ray signal that they believed to be element 43, which they named "masurium" after after Masuria in eastern Prussia now a part of Poland.
However, their results could not be reproduced, and their claim was not accepted; recent research indicates they they may indeed have been able to produce very small amounts of element 43 by this method after all. Technetium is used in several applications in nuclear medicine as a radioactive tracer, since it emits gamma rays that are detectable by imaging devices. It is obtained from a technetiumm generator , also known as a "technetium cow," in which radioactive molybdenum with a half-life of 67 hours is adsorbed onto an alumina chromatography column; the molybdenum decays to water-soluble technetiumm, which is extracted from the column by passing a saline solution through it the process is naturally referred to as "milking" , whereupon it can be mixed with the reagent that is appropriate for the particular imaging technology to be used.
In immunoscintigraphy , radioactive technetiumm is incorporated into a monoclonal antibody which binds to cancer cells; this technique is used to detect intestinal cancers, which are difficult to locate by other techniques. In combination with tin compounds, technetiumm binds to red blood cells, and can be used to map the circulatory system; this is particularly useful in diagnosing some types of congestive heart failure and in determining the damage done to the heart muscle by a heart attack.
Ammonium pertechnate, NH 4 TcO 4 , and other technetium salts, can be used as corrosion inhibitors for steel, however, because of the radioactivity of technetium, this is useful only in closed systems. Rhenium, id a silvery-white, hard metal.
It is resistant to corrosion, but slowly tarnishes in moist air. It is named for named for the Latin word for the Rhine River, Rhenus. It is found in the Earth's crust at a concentration of 0. It occurs as an impurity in molybdenite, copper sulfide, and other ores. Rhenium is used in alloys with tungsten and molybdenum to make filaments for ovens and lamps, and is also used in electroplating jewelry.
It is also used in combination with platinum to make catalysts for generating high-octane gasoline from crude oil. Rhenium was discovered by Walter Noddack, Otto Berg, and Ida Tacke in , as a trace element in columbite, gadolinite, molybdenite and platinum ores. It was the last of the naturally occurring elements to be discovered, in part because of its extremely low concentration in the Earth's crust and because it is not concentrated in any unique minerals or ores.
Bohrium is a synthetic element, produced by the cold fusion of bismuth and chromium The longest-lived isotope, bohrium, has a half-life of 0. The IUPAC concluded that the GSI group should be awarded credit for the discovery, but both groups were allowed to collaborate on choosing a name for the element. They chose "neilsbohrium" in honor of the Danish physicist Niels Bohr; this was shortened to "bohrium" in The elements in each period of these groups are very similar in their chemical and physical properties.
The Group 8 elements usually have the electron configuration n -1 d 6 ns 2 , the Group 9 elements usually have the electron configuration n -1 d 7 ns 2 , and the Group 10 elements usually have the electron configuration n -1 d 8 ns 2. Iron in its pure form is a malleable, ductile, silvery metal. The name comes from the Anglo-Saxon word for the metal, iren ; the chemical symbol "Fe" is derived from the Latin word for iron, ferrum.
It is the fourth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, having a concentration of about 4. Iron compounds are extremely common: iron II oxide, or ferrous oxide, FeO, is the third most abundant compound in the Earth's crust, having a concentration of 89, ppm, and iron III oxide, or ferric oxide, Fe 2 O 3 , is the seventh most abundant compound, with a concentration of ppm. According to the dynamo theory, convection current in the molten iron and nickel of the outer core give rise to Earth's magnetic field.
Iron is the final product of nuclear fusion in average-sized stars like the Sun; the fusion of iron requires an input of energy, and in these stars, iron accumulates in their centers as their nuclear fuel becomes spent. Zinc pennies should never be swallowed. Iron, cobalt, and nickel are fairly good reducing agents, so they rarely appear uncombined in nature. Iron is one of the most common elements in the universe. Uncombined iron, cobalt, and nickel can be found in meteors.
The earth itself has a hot, dense core made largely of iron and nickel. This magnetic field blocks dangerous radiation that would kill life on the Earth. Boundless vets and curates high-quality, openly licensed content from around the Internet.
This particular resource used the following sources:.
0コメント